Wastewater treatment engineering

Most of the oilfields are exploring the method of recycling the sewage to use for steam injection boilers. However, the technical solution can only has 60% recovery of the waste water, the remaining 40% of the sewage is very hard to recycle with very high salt content and a very high hardness, and the treatment processing cost is very high. So these part wastewater has to be refilled back to underground, but this method is limited by some unfavorable factors, such as ground absorption capacity, short life of recharge wells, high maintenance costs, and large potential safety hazards.